Point of View About Vietnan War - 813 Words

Maria Elda Torres English 1 A Paper 3 April - 30 - 2012 Point of views about Vietnam War Two known men gave his own points of view regarding the war in Vietnam on a speech. A preacher named Martin Luther King was one of those men. He joined in meeting to speak why he had some reasons to stop the war in Vietnam using a compassion way. The other man was the president of the united state Lyndon B Johnson. In contras of King he used a lot of patriotism on his speech when he explained people why they have sent soldiers to Vietnam. Even though both speakers gave us effective speeches, I was more connected with Martin Luther King’s speech than Lyndon B Johnson’s speech. Martin Luther†¦show more content†¦Also, taking them to war is the most cruel thing that could happen those soldiers. According to Johnson, â€Å"the war is dirty and brutal and difficult. And some 400 young men, born into an America that is bursting with opportunity and promise, have ended their lives on Viet-Nam’s steaming soil.† he explained that war is brutal and many soldiers have died, however; he did not mention that those soldiers fight for freedom when they do not have it in their own country. In addition, he said that each president of America has made a promise to help and support the Vietnamese independence. Johnson says, â€Å"Since 1954 every American president has offered support to the people of south Viet-Nam.† Even though he tried to convince people explain how breaking that promise would damage the president’s reputation, he did not convince me. Martin Luther King description of the poor is more effective than Lyndon’s speech. Explaining King regarding the programs for poor people could not have and the fight that war did in poor families. Those points were powerful and touch my feelings as mother. First, I have two kids and they are being raised in a poor community were we depend a lot much on government programs. For example, the schools have programs after school where my kids can stay

Ethical Dilemma For The National Security - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2009 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? Ideally, American border security is a controversial issue that creates a huge ethical dilemma for the National Security Professional. Many individuals and advocates underline that America seems to be using the terrorism tag as a pretext to complicate immigration to America. The security departments have been accused of using terrorism to deny entrance, deport immigrants and detain noncitizens unlawfully. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethical Dilemma For The National Security" essay for you Create order Evidently, terrorism has a critical impact on human rights. It has devastating effects on the ability to enjoy liberty, right to life and physical integrity of victims. Terrorism has also a destabilizing effect on the government as it undermines national security and peace. It undermines civil society and poses a great threat to the economic and social development. Accordingly, the government has a fundamental responsibility to protect every individuals right to life. The state should take every possible constructive action to protect the citizens against any potential terror threat. It also takes responsibility to ensure that the terrorists are brought to justice. Currently, America has adopted different measures to combat terrorism. However, some of the directives have created serious challenges that undermine the rule of law and human rights. Therefore, there a need to find a balance or middle ground to ensure that the fight against terror is in the best interest of human life. Ideally, the rule of law and human rights have to be the substratum of Americas fight against terrorism. Immigration and terrorism: The issue on national security law has become a serious and challenging aspect of the legal disciplines in the twenty-first century. National security is the most primary function of the government. The supreme court underscores the Haig V. Agee, which literally means, that it is unarguable and obvious that no governmental interest is more gripping than national security. Ideally, this issue held more water after the tragedy of the 9/11/2001 attack in America (Valeriano,2010). Before this devastating happenstance, America had no experience of terror on her own soil. America fought terror in Iraq and Afghanistan but this situation brought a shuddering change to its view on immigration and terrorism. Further, it deepened the reality that the American national security is intertwined with international events and security. As a result, there is a growing pertinency of law for all international events. Ideally, the big question is: Is America using terrorism as a charade to deport, deny entry and detain immigrants unlawfully? Current research indicates that Americas immigration policies changed after the 9/11 bombing. The cabinet and parliament created drastic laws and actions against all illegal immigrants. For example, the SB1070, a law enforcement, and safe neighborhood act were enacted (Valeriano,2010). This law encouraged racial profiling and interrogation of immigration status. Ideally, Americans realized that the terror groups had used prolific strategies to gain entry without being detected. They realized that the screening process was wanting hence called for the closure of American borders. The legislation in Washington DC created policies and laws grounded on ?War on Terror. As a ripple effect, all courts, federal agencies, and lawmakers followed suit. They implemented harsh regulations that had a very negative effect on the immigrants especially from the MASA countries (Nowrasteh,2016). The following are examples of the measures implemented. Firstly, the immigrants were detained for forty-eight hours or more without being charged in case of an extraordinary event or emergency. Research indicates that about seven hundred and sixty-two immigrants were detained and mistreated after the 9/11 bombing until August 2002(Valeriano,2010). These individuals names were listed on the suspects list. The nation also frustrated and distressed the immigrants families by denying them information on their whereabouts. Secondly, aliens without proper documentation, asylum seekers were also subjected to mandatory detention. They did not consider that the asylum seekers were running from threats in their own countries. Thirdly, the government complicated the process of acquiring temporary visas for students, business visitors and tourist (Cornelius,2005). Further, the lawmakers implemented the National Security Entry and exit registration System (NSEERS). This system required all men from the MASA countries to register with immigration authorities (Bensman,2018). They were perceived as potential terrorist threats. Accordingly, the system conducted inquiries on immigrants bank accounts, travel, political and religious affiliations. Accordingly, about eighty-three thousand men were registered with the immigration authority. Sadly, about thirteen thousand males were listed for deportation. This drastic measure had a huge negative impact as families were broken and businesses closed. The lives and livelihoods of many immigrants took a bad and sad turn. Additionally, research indicates that individuals worthy and needy of asylum were denied entry at the expense of their safety. Despite fleeing away from harm and human torture, most immigrants were turned down in their time of need (Nowrasteh,2016). Research indicates that the ?War on Terror also led to a complicated naturalization process for immigrants. The naturalization applications for immigrants from the MASA countries were either denied or delayed for up to two years (Bensman,2018). The other immigrants got their feedback within a hundred and twenty days. The immigrants were also deported on delinquency claims. Most immigrants from the MASA countries were detained on basis of eliminating criminals in America. Bensman (2018) highlights the threat of terrorist infiltration in the Southwest border which creates a national security gap. Americas immigration enforcement debate points out the emergence of Special Interest Aliens (SIAs) who pose a great threat to national security (Bensman,2018). Accordingly, this has led to negative profiling of every person from the Middle East, North /East Africa, and South Asia (MASA) nations. Research indicates that such terrorists use the South and Central America and Mexico border before starting their journey to the USA. Research indicates that the Special Interest Aliens are mostly terrorist groups that plan attacks as far as Brussels, Paris, and Europe (Bensman,2018). Ideally, hosting immigrants who come as asylum seekers has also made America susceptible to terrorist infiltration. Ethical Dilemma Clearly, America is not keen on rejecting the expansionary immigration policy. Similarly, it does not want to slam the door completely for immigrants (Cornelius,2005). This creates an impasse situation since there are a good side and a flip side regarding immigrants. It is also unfair to give blanket restrictions on every Muslim affiliate on basis of terrorism. Research indicates that some immigrants have brought both intellectual and entrepreneurial benefits (Cornelius,2005). Cornelius (2005) gives insight on different ways of controlling unwanted immigration. Research indicates that America has received about eleven million immigrants since the year 1990. It continues to receive about one and a half million new immigrants every year. However, statistics indicate that there about five hundred thousand illegal immigrants. One of the main hindrances to positive and ethical immigration reforms are the slow-paced politicians who only offer lip-service. They have failed to amend the old-fashioned policies regarding immigration controls and anti-terrorism efforts. Cornelius (2005) suggest that America and its neighbors could implement policy reforms. They could implement creditable intelligence sharing to ensure that culprits are apprehended in due time. They could create humane policies that are sensitive to the needs of immigrants. Effective information sharing will provide safe and secure borders hence a decrease in the potential terrorist intrusion. Ideally, the entry to the United States of America is a privilege rather than a right. It is granted solely on the discretion and good will of the American citizens. However, the Americans harbor a lot of fear and mistrust since their goodwill agenda opened up their borders to harm. Therefore, it is in the best interest that the government keeps its people safe from tragic and inhumane attacks from extremist societies. However, there are scores of people that perceive the border issue as an obstacle that immigrants and businesses have to overcome to gain entry. The advocates underscore that the link between immigration and terrorism is negligible. They insist that the Bureau of Consular affairs should boost its security protocols (Krikorian and Camarota, 2011). Ideally, the bureau should invest in changing the system to accommodate machine-readable visas that are impossible to falsify. It should also use biometric identity machines to assist in tracking people leaving and entering the country. Further, the biometric machines will enhance in tracking and apprehending terrorists who are already on the watchlist (Krikorian and Camarota, 2011). A risk analysis of the link between Immigration and terrorism: Nowrasteh (2005) underpins terrorism as a major hazard to human life, businesses, and material prosperity. It causes wanton destruction and many deaths that are indeed unnecessary hence the drastic measures to combat it. However, it is important to address this predicament in a sensible manner without jeopardizing the peace, security, life and material prosperity. Current research statistics indicate a very different scenario on immigrants and terror. Investigations indicate that from the year1975 to 2015 about a hundred and fifty-four foreign terrorists killed about three thousand and twenty-four people. Below is a statistical breakdown of the terrorists involved. Ten were illegal immigrants Nineteen were students Fifty-four were law-abiding permanent residents Twenty were refugees Three were on the visa waiver program Four were asylum seekers Nine had undetermined visas One had a fiance visa Thirty-four were tourist The above figures, clearly stipulate that illegal immigrants have a 1:1.2million chance to execute murder and destruction (Nowrasteh, 2005). Therefore, the America government needs to get to work to realize and abort potential threats who are living and working in America, while planning terror attacks. What to do to solve this issue: Valeriano (2010) highlights that the United States and Mexico need to work together to alleviate terrorism. However, this strategy has been curbed by the corrupt nature of the politicians who opt to use blame game rather than find practical solutions. Accordingly, there has been mistrust between the two nations especially after the U.S terminated the policy agenda for Latin America and Mexico. Ideally, Mexico and USA need to work on rebuilding the lost trust to implement: the immigration reform agenda, consolidation of democracy in the region and the free trade agreement (Valeriano,2010). Such strategies will help have a common purpose targeted on sharing intelligence, conquering the common enemy, controlling drug cartels and boosting economic growth. Conclusion Moving forward, America needs to identify practical approaches that create a balance between genuine national security responsibility and concern, and having a more humane immigration system. Ideally, it is clear that only ten out of a hundred and fifty-four terrorists are actually illegal immigrants. This portrays a deficiency in the screening process to track any other individuals who enter the country on the pretext of tourism, education, marriage, asylum seeking, green card opportunities and visa waivers. The government needs to understand that terrorist have also become savvier in using technology. Accordingly, the Bureau of Consular affairs must invest in foolproof systems that can easily detect forgeries and create alarms for those on the watch list. Further, sharing intelligence, eliminating corruption from border patrol officers and having an integrated database is necessary. It will ensure that the National Security Professional is able to abort planned attacks, share infor mation and bring the terrorist to justice without affecting other innocent lives. It will uphold the security of the American people and keep the rule of law and protect the right to life for every citizens and non-citizens in America. References Bensman, T. (August 13, 2018). Terrorist Infiltration Threat at the Southwest Border: The national security gap in Americas immigration enforcement debate. Retrieved from https://cis.org/Report/Terrorist-Infiltration-Threat-Southwest-Border Cornelius, W. (2005). Controlling ?Unwanted Immigration: Lessons from the United States 1993-2004. Journal of Ethnic Migration Studies, 31(4), 775-794. Retrieved from https://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=sihAN=17395008site=eds-livescope=site Krikorian, M. Camarota, S. A. (November 1, 2011). Immigration and Terrorism: What Is to Be Done? Retrieved from https://cis.org/Report/Immigration-and-Terrorism Nowrasteh, A. (September 13, 2016). Terrorism and Immigration: A Risk Analysis, Retrieved from https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/terrorism-immigration-risk-analysis#full Valeriano, B. Powers, M. (2010). United States-Mexico: The Convergence of Public Policy Views in the Post 9/11 World. Policy Studies Journal, 38(4), 745. Retrieved from https://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=edbAN=60601543site=eds-livescope=site

Leadership film analysis (Memo Format) - Stand and Deliver (1988) Movie Review

Essays on Leadership film analysis (Memo Format) - Stand and Deliver (1988) Movie Review Memorandum December 7, Leadership Film Analysis – Stand and Deliver The purpose of this memo is to briefly describe the leadership event(s) that took place in a 1988 American drama film that is based on the true story of high school math teacher Jaime Escalante. Consequently, we will use the theory and the concepts from the books and our observations and discussions in class to explain what happened and why it happened in the drama film. Additionally, the memo will basically give a theoretical/analytical summary of what the leader in the film did, what the outcomes were and why. Stand and Deliver is based on a true story and presents an inspirational tale of a teacher who is dedicated at rescuing a group of poor Latino students from potential delinquency by turning them into math whizzes. Jaime Escalante employs the use of humor, imagination and a variety of other means in ensuring that he gets his students at East Los Angeles high school to pass advance placement tests in calculus with flying colors and they consequently pass to an extent that the testing board thinks that the students have cheated and consequently forcing them to retake the tests. Behavioral approaches to leadership gives focus to the specific behavioral traits of a leader. We can describe Jaime’s style of leadership as both task oriented and people oriented. As regards to be task oriented, Jaime lives up to notion of a raving fan who delivers completely and improves above and beyond 100% every year. As a matter of fact, Jaime Escalante was never content to letting his students become losers. As regards to being people oriented leader, Jaime was determine to change status quo and promised to teach math in his student’s language which would enable them make it. Situational leadership is based on leader follower’s relationship and serves as a framework for analyzing different situations based on a number of issues. Based on situational approaches to leadership, we can term Jaime’s style as house’s path-goal theory which is based on expectancy theory of motivation. Initially when Jaime started teaching at Garfield High School, he was initially disheartened by the lack of preparation of his students. He however never gave up on his students and constantly told them that they could do this as they were the best while encouraging them to go to college. Additionally, he fought to keep his students in his math program with the main goal of making them successful in life. The leadership traits that Jaime possessed include that he was focused and had a vision for his student. He kept telling his students that he will not only teach them math, but that was their language which will make them make it and not only go to college, bu t go to college and sit in the first row as they were going to know more than anybody. Jaime was also determined to achieve his dreams even with all odds against him and was never distracted or discouraged until he achieved his goal for his students. The behaviors that were important contributors to Jamie Escalante’s success as a leader were to inspire vision and encourage the heart. He had a vision of showing the world that his students who were from a poor background and were economically disadvantaged could still achieve the highest level of academic success and pass AP Calculus Exam and in the process inspiring them to succeed in powerful ways. As regards to encouraging the heart, Jamie persuaded his first few students the only way they could control their future was through the right education and always reminded them that despite the fact that they would have jobs in engineering, electronics and computers, they would still need to learn math to succeed. Both Coach Boone and Jamie had a number of things in common with the important one being that both were guided by a vision. While Coach Boone had a vision for the team to win the championship, Jamie had a vision of ensuring that his students passed AP Calculus math exam. It is consequently evident that they both withstood numerous challenges without getting distracted or discouraged with Jamie having to fight to keep his students in the math program while Coach Boone having to fight racial disparity. Their differences came in their leadership approaches with Jamie being diplomatic and charismatic right from the start while Coach Boone was started out as a dictator and later transformed to a transactional leader. In the spirit of modeling the way, the leadership trait that I see in Jamie that I would like to incorporate into my leadership portfolio is his determination to achieve his dreams even with the odds against him. This is because most of us have dreams but lack the determination to complete them as we easily get distracted and discouraged by circumstances or lack of resources. Additionally, most people lose hope as in most cases we realize other people do not believe in our dreams and vision. The other concepts covered in MGT 471 that I see in Stand and Deliver include the importance of being guided with a vision that is shared between the leader and the subject. Having a shared vision I have come to understand goes a long way in determining the success or failure of any program. The other concepts I found relevant include the power of resilience especially when it comes to doing what one believes in. Please use the information in this memo to help me further refine my skills on the issues addressed by the film. If you have any question or need any clarification, contact me at abcnet@xyz.com or at 702-123-4567.

Previous Olympic Destinations Lessons †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Previous Olympic Destinations Lessons. Answer: Introduction A hall mark event can be defined as an all inclusive colossal happening which takes place in a given location over a period of time. Such events do not only attract a wide number of participants but also brings on board bid audiences. Hallmark events are in most cases acknowledged globally hence the audience may not necessary have to travel to the stadiums to watch the games but can follow the proceedings in front of their screens (Bladen, Kennell and Abson, 2012, p.50). A good example of a hallmark event is the Commonwealth Games which are currently going on in Goldcoast, Australia. This event was chosen as an object of references due to the fact that most of its characteristics fit the definition of a hallmark event. Additionally, the event attracts many individuals to its location which comes with numerous touristic values to the hosting country. The massive turn out in the current event in Australia implies that various individuals from different walks of life have managed to int eract with Australias tourist attraction sites which are a lift to the tourism industry (Collins, Jones, and Munday, 2019, p.830) In this essay, the features of a hallmark event and their touristic significance shall be discussed. The discussions are derived from peer reviewed articles whose contents shall be adequately analyzed in a bid to address the topic in question. According to Bowdin, Allen, Toole and McDonnell (2011, p.57), mega events are always marked to take place in a given cycle of time. For instance, an event may happen after every two or four years. The space between the occurrence of one event and a similar one at a later date is specifically meant to give room for planning and coordination of the various elements considered crucial for the success of the event. The authors therefore note that hallmark events require careful planning where ideas are agreed upon and implemented based on their effectiveness and level of alignment to the organizers objectives. The planning of events is speared headed by a team of competent individuals each charged with a specific responsibility and standards set such that the board members are able to gauge their progress during the planning process (Getz,2005, p.11). The authors also note that careful planning and proper time management before the commencement of the event plays a crucial role in enhanc ing its success. They subsequently suggest that the planning process for hallmark events ought to be strictly guided by the events core objectives, aims as well as purposes. This implies that there are targets which the planning committee must set and yearn to attain. As noted by Muller (2015, p.19), hallmark events will never cease to attract a massive following. As pointed out earlier, these events do not only attract the participants but also does the audience or fans that come to support their favorite performers especially in cases where the mega event involves sporting activities. The Commonwealth games which are currently ongoing have attracted thousands of participants from different corners of the world. In addition, the live streaming clearly indicates a massive turnout in the stadiums which easily translates to a boom in the population in major cities especially those surrounding the sporting arenas. The author therefore emphasizes that hallmark events have the tendency, which has been proven over time, to attract many people to the hosting location. This provides a unique opportunity for the tourism fraternity in the hosting nation as they are able to shows their touristic endowments to the visitors from all walks of life. Despite the fact that the individuals attending the events come objectively to either perform or support their people, the tourism sector is well in a position to attract audience to their side through strategic marketing (Getz, 2007, p.28). For instance, at the stadiums, the marketers can interact with the fans and participant increasing their awareness about nearby tourism sites and elements before encouraging them to visit these areas. Hallmark events therefore go a long way in enhancing both local and international tourism. Wide Media Coverage Hallmark events are often global events. As such, it is practically impossible for each individual to physically attend these events. As pointed out by Arnegger and Herz (2016, p.67), most people tend to know about these events due to the high media publicity mostly through the internet, radio and television. The periods prior to the hallmark event is usually punctuated with consistent awareness through marketing and advertising of the events elements, period, location and the ticket details in case there is no free entry. Apart from the wide coverage during event marketing, the actual event is streamed live and hence people across the globe get to have a touch of the proceedings through their screens. The authors explain that good media coverage works to the very advantage of the hosting nation. The hosting nation has a unique opportunity to showcase its facilities to the millions of people watching all over the world. In some cases, the cameras move from the stadiums and roam to co ver the beautiful landscapes, water bodies, museums and parks especially those features located near the events main locations (Getz, 2008, p.420). This in itself shows the world a lot about the country which in turn may arouse interest among the audience on the need to visit the given country and tour the sites. For instance during the Commonwealth games, the countrys facilities and high level infrastructural development has been marketed to the whole world. This has a special way of changing the scope of tourism in Australia not only today but for many months to come. Kwiatkowski (2016, p. 510) highlights the aspect of high cost as a major feature of hallmark events. The planning and actual implementation of the events usually involves the use of many resources. For instance, when the hallmark event involves games like the Commonwealth Games, the hosting nation has to spend a lot in preparing the participation arena. This may involve building new stadiums in addition to rehabilitating and repairing the already existing ones. Such activities are costly hence the need for adequate financial adjustment and lobby for resources. The preparations are however less of a problem in developed nations since they already have most of these facilities. However, the author notes that the cost incurred by the hosting nation while preparing for the event ought to be compensated through other forms of revenue. The fraternity that comes to mind at this point is that of hospitality and tourism. The attendees are likely to be booked in hotel rooms and taken around in the course of the event. The fans who accompany the participants also use these facilities at a fee which serves to the advantage of the industry (Graham, Goldblatt and Delpy, 2005, p.64). It is however important to stay strategic with both the products and services in a bid to maximize on the opportunity and hence develop the tourism sector. Transformation of the Hosting Location Janson (2008, p.22) in his article on Review and Analysis of Tourism points out that hallmark events tend to have long lasting transformations on the hosting nation and more specifically the hosting locations. When, for instance, the event involves sporting activities, there may be an inevitable need to create space for the development of stadia. Such moves can see areas which are basically rural being transformed into urban centers after the inclusion of the infrastructure. The author goes on to note that transformation during preparations for such events may include overhauling of land, creation of new roads, communication systems in addition to the establishment of other modern set ups. An improvement in the network of roads and communication system in a given area automatically leads to encroachment of an urban set up. Hallmark events therefore come and go but they never leave the hosting nation the same again. A good infrastructural set up is a major boost to tourist activities in any given area. The properly done roads increase accessibility to such locations (Hall, 2009, p.270). Consequently, the tourists are able to conveniently move from one place to another as they watch and enjoy the sites. At the same time, the highlighted communication systems do not only help the locals in these regions but equally eases exchange and passage of information. Good communication and efficient flow of information is another factor which facilitates tourism. Janson therefore connects this hallmark event feature to its touristic significance by noting that urban transformation encourages mobility which in turn uplifts tourist activities. According to Knott, Swat and Viser (2015, p.9), mega events have the unique characteristic of changing the environment of the hosting location. Despite the fact that some of these effects may be negative, a good number of the transitions end up altering the living standards of the hosting community for the better. Hallmark events are accompanied by a number of economic activities. For instance, the hosting community has an opportunity to sell their merchandise not only to the participants but the other attendees as well. Depending on the period that the event takes, the individuals can make good use of this timeline to make exclusive sales and introduce productive corporate contacts which can in turn help them expand on their areas of business specialization. As highlighted by the authors, hallmark events tend to have positive economic impacts especially on the hosting society. This in turn leads to a rise in their living standards which also encourages the societys reception to othe r government initiatives in such areas. For instance, when the tourism fraternity earmarks the given society for the expansion of its activities, the community is likely to remain positive as such initiatives are likely to enhance their lives economically (Hamilton City Council, 2008, p.2). Increase in crime, congestion and health factors As pointed out by Hills (2016, p. 6), hallmark events may not only come with positive effects on the hosting community but equally involves other features which may be detrimental to the community in the long run. To begin with, such events usually involve a sudden rise in the population within a given locality. An upsurge in population attract various other shortcomings like a sudden increase in criminal activities most commonly picketers and muggers. This may expose the society in bad light which in turn hinders future human activities in such areas. For instance, tourists may avoid such locations while citing insecurity as a major issue. Secondly, a sudden increase in population increases the level of contact between people which leads to easy spread of diseases especially the contagious ones. The organizers may therefore need to put in place the right control measures to ensure that such eventualities, however inevitable, do not end up ruining the success of the hallmark event. F urthermore, in areas characterized by poor network of roads and communication systems, a sudden upsurge in population due to the hallmark event may result in traffic clogging which hinders movement of people from one place to another. A good network of roads would therefore be appropriate in enhancing easy traffic flow which culminates in the overall event success (Hill, 2016, p.8). Conclusion The discussion above reveals the perceptions and elements that adequately describe a hallmark event. The events do come with greater good; this explains why most countries are always dying for the opportunity to win the hosting rights (Holt, 2004, p. 5). A nation has to bid and prove to the board that it has what it takes to host a hallmark event. This urge could be attributed to the attractive features that punctuate the phenomenon. Despite the high cost likely to be incurred especially during the preparatory stages, hallmark events end up making positive economic impacts on the hosting society (Janson, 2008, p.7). These events also involve wide media coverage, high visitor attractiveness and most importantly, urban transformation which in the long run improve the living standards of the hosting nation. The basic prerequisite for the success of a hallmark event is the formulation of appropriate objectives which guide a proper planning and preparation period. When each of these aspec ts are put well in place, the success of a hallmark event always overflows not only to the organizers and hosting community but also the country as a whole (Lin, 2013, p.60) References Arnegger, J. and Herz, M. (2016). Economic and destination image impacts of mega-events in emerging tourist destinations.Journal of Destination Marketing Management, 5(2), pp.76-85. Bladen, C., Kennell, J. and Abson, E. (2012).Events management. New York: Routledge. Bowdin, G., Allen, J., O' Toole, W., Harris, R. and McDonnell, I. (2011).Events management. 3rd ed. Oxford: Elsiever Ltd, pp.79-111. Collins, A., Jones, C. and Munday, M. (2009). Assessing the environmental impacts of mega sporting events: Two options?.Tourism Management, [online] 30(6), pp.828-837. Available at: https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=1sid=e4d2e293-8f03-4614-b629-4721e6fa8686%40sessionmgr120bdata=Jn [Accessed 23 Oct. 2017]. Getz, D. (2005). Event Management and Event Tourism (2d ed.), Cognizant, New York. Getz, D. (2007). Event Studies: Theory, Research and Policy for Planned Events, Elsevier, Oxford. Getz, D. (2008). "Event tourism: definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29 (3), pp. 403-428. Graham, S., Goldblatt, J., and Delpy, L. (2005). The Ultimate Guide to Sport Event Management and Marketing, Irwin, Chicago. Hall, C.M. (2009). "The definition and analysis of hallmark tourist events", GeoJournal, 19(3), pp. 263-268. Hamilton City Council (2008). Event Sponsorship (online at: hamilton.co.nz; accessed January 2012). Hill, D. (2016). London Olympics legacy: Jobs, Jobs and Jobs.The gaurdian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/davehillblog/2016/jul/27/london-olympics-legacy-jobs-jobs-and-jobs [Accessed 3 Nov. 2017]. Holt, D. (2004). How Brands Become Icons: The Principles of Cultural Branding, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, Boston, MA. Janson, K. (2008). review and Analysis of Tourism to Previous Olympic Destinations Lessons and Implications for London 2012 By. p.22. Knott, B., Swart, K. and Visser, S. (2015). The impact of sport mega events on the quality of life for the host residents.African journal of leisure, tourism and hospitality, (4). Kwiatkowski, G. (2016). Economic Impact of Event Attendees' Spending On a Host Region: A Review of the Research.Event Management, 20(4), pp.501-515. Mller, M. (2015). What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes.Leisure Studies, 34(6), pp.627-642. Lin, Y. (2013). A Critical Review of Social Impacts of Mega-events.The International Journal of Sport and Society: Annual Review, 3(3), pp.57-64.